Problem Formulation Research - 887 Words

Running head: PROBLEM FORMULATION RESEARCH AND THEORY ANALYSIS Problem Formulation Research and Theory Analysis Reggie Autrey University of Phoenix Research Methods in Criminal Justice CJA 433 Theodore J. Smith III , ESQ. July 26, 2009 Problem Formulation Research and Theory Analysis This paper will cover GPS Monitoring in Pinellas County for sex offenders. During the summer of 2006 election was heating up in reference to sex offenders and monitoring GPS devices. Proposition 83, called for Jessica’s Law was on the California ballot. The reason for this proposition was to have all sex offenders wear this device and be monitored at all times. Other states wanted this proposition to pass so it could be enforce in their state.†¦show more content†¦Describe the theoretical concept The concept was to provide a clear understanding on how the Jessica’s Law can work and provide information on where sex offenders are living and where they can’t live. With the information provided with the analysis it shows restriction on how the sex offenders being monitored with a device can be tracked at all times. The GIS and global positioning system can identify potential housing locations and analyze sex offenders. Identify an operational definition used by the research When monitoring sex offender’s law enforcement use an enormous amount of spatial information. This data becomes overwhelming and it can be a challenge to determine which locations is more important to cover than others. The data provides analysis needed for tracking where the offenders are provides tracking information from up to a querying 4 hours for a single parolee will yield approximately 240 GPS coordinates and the device can take up to 15 minutes to track the query. Could the research problem, questions, and theoretical concepts have been formulated differently or improved? The research provided for the analysis and the concept behind the issues was formulated to understand how the Jessica’s Law would work. There were some minor issues that could have been done differently such as monitoring the GPS tracker in all areas of San Diego County. There were some areas that theShow MoreRelatedDescribe What Comprises a Comprehensive Cbt Case Study – Evaluate the Use of Case Studies in Therapy.1735 Words   |  7 Pagesto see if referral for a CBT assessment might be relevant, these include accessibility of automatic thoughts; awareness and differentiation of emotions; the client’s ability to make use of therapy and the clients’ ability to remain focused on the problem in hand, although this may be something that the client has to work towards. Barriers to therapy can be if someone is ‘floridly psychotic’, if someone is in a current manic phase, or if clients are cognitively impaired, this may make therapy moreRead MoreResearch Process and Terminology927 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Process and Terminology The most important part of describing the research process in criminology and criminal justice research methods consists of being familiar with terminology. The knowledge of proper terminology can be an asset when evaluating, and analyzing research studies or data. However, not knowing the proper terminology when conducting research could affect an officer’s report negatively. Those interested in the study of criminology and criminal justice has a wide range ofRead MoreResearch Process and Terminology Paper1069 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Process and Terminology Paper Research has many faces that can represent many forms of information gathering. The information can be biomedical, social, behavioral, research fraud, or as simple popular car color. However, in research it can be very intensive when the research involves people lives through crime. In this research and terminology paper, will examine the process of research and how it targets the criminal justice. To begin, lets us examine the terminology needed to understandRead MoreThe Policy Process1524 Words   |  7 Pagescertain regulation for research groups, this foundation also has to follow each step in the policy process. Coming up with that policy was a process and throughout this paper we will discuss the policy process and what it takes to ensure the write policy has been made to protect the company, consumers and all of its employees. The policy process has certain steps that have to be taken before having a successful outcome. These important steps are as follows: The formulation stage, the legislativeRead MoreNew England Soup Company: Business Overview1507 Words   |  7 PagesMassachusetts, was reviewing a research report he had received from a Boston-based research house. The report presented the findings of a study on the firm’s new formulation of Kolander’s Chowder brand of canned soup. The study had also been sent to the firm’s sales manager, Kirk George, and the production manager, Edward Corey. A meeting was scheduled for January 12 with the research firm and the New England Soup Company management. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the research findings and to makeRead MoreEpistemology and Its Influences929 Words   |  4 Pageschoice of epistemology influences the formulation of a management research problem, it is necessary to define the term epistemology and clarify some of the varying epistemological stances. In doing so, the reader will be able to understand the myriad different variations of epistemological viewpoints, each of which shape the direction of research and the sort of problem that research attempts to identify. Management research builds on the long tradition of research in the social sciences (Somekh andRead MoreEssay On Education Enhancement1100 Words   |  5 Pagesthe policy document with similar institutions in an effort a contributing toward national education enhancement. Problem Definition This policy aims to solve the problems of poor academic performance, distraction caused by electronic devices and theft of such devices at school through the formulation, implementation and evaluation of a comprehensive school electronic device policy. With so many technological advancements today, it has been noticed that instead of drastic improvements to studentRead MoreThe Poultry Farming Is The Most Popular Industry For The Small Holders1672 Words   |  7 Pagesshould be directed towards improving feed formulation system. This lab report seeks to apply mathematical optimization techniques to the feed formulation problem of the typical Ghanaian poultry farm using locally available feed ingredients. Some of the common techniques employed in feed formulation include The Linear Programming, Non Linear Programming, or Mixed Integer Programming, (MIP). Linear programming model is developed to solve blending problem facing poultry farmers, using locally availableRead MorePolicy Process Part 11576 Words   |  7 Pagesmany new problems such as PTSD have become better understood and need more focus and to be better addressed. (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2007). Policies are evaluated to enhance the health care system. Steps are closely followed to ensure successful policy implementation. Three major phases, namely formulation stage, legislative stage, and the implementation stage, are positioned to enhance the policy on care and assistance for health care policies with the VA. (va.gov, 2014). Formulation phase encompassesRead MoreFurthering Tourism in the Republic of Serbia Essay example803 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment of integrated urban development and architectural research, studies or projects related to the sustainable development of new tourist destinations in Serbia through modern and attractive approach of urban developm ent and architectural articulation, design and equipping the space. Main attention in this first initial stage of cooperation has been directed towards the development of diverse urban and architectural research and expertise of potential tourist destinations in Serbia, with

Physician Assisted Suicide is NOT Ethical Essay - 1347 Words

Is physician assisted suicide morally right? This has been a controversial subject for some time now. People are wondering whether or not it is the most humane thing to do. If dogs can be putdown, why not people? The reason is in that question. They are people. Every life is important, no matter how long it may be. Instead of finding a way to get rid of people faster, the government could put those efforts in something more positive. If other people are considering whether or not the patients’ life is valuable, the patient could question it as well. Physician assisted suicide will put pressure on terminally ill people to die more quickly because it’s cheaper and because the patients may have low self-esteem. Physician assisted suicide is†¦show more content†¦This risk should not be taken. Eventually others, like those with mental illness, could seek this treatment as well (Smith). They wouldn’t have the right to decide if they want to go through with euthanasia, so maybe their relative, who is tired of paying for treatment, could petition for euthanasia. If the state has custody they could also pursue the cheapest option. The physician’s ruthlessness could kill many people everywhere. If this is a possibility so much of the hope could disappear. Death is essentially giving up. â€Å"Murder and Suicide are both forms of killing,† States M. Scott Peck. Physician assisted suicide could lead to an even worse law. In fact there aren’t any valid reasons for physician assisted suicide to be legal. â€Å"There Is No Justification for Legalizing Euthanasia,† by Peter Glover, directly discusses why physician assisted suicide is wrong and gives statistics. Two of the main reasons people are promoting physician assisted suicide is because of the pain people who request physician assisted suicide may have and because it is believed it can give others a chance to die with dignity. Both of these issues are addressed in this source. Pain is tolerable now because of the pain medication hospice and doctors can provide. It states that 95% of pain is controllable and the other 5% can be reduced so it is at least manageable. Therefore, that argument is no longer valid. Furthermore, is theShow MoreRelatedTranslational Research for Practice and Populations Essay4273 Words   |  18 Pageshostility seemed most frequent in surgical/medical, operational rooms, emergency, obstetrical areas of care an d adolescent residential behavioral/ mental health units. The main culprits to these act are non-other than; charge nurses, senior nurses, physicians and nurse managers. This is impartial research among others that have been carried in the United States in relation to nursing careers. Indeed, bullying in nursing profession is stirring at alarming rate that should be moderated through implementationRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pages------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Week 1: Introductions/Overview: An Ethical and Legal Framework - Discussion This weeks graded topics relate to the following Terminal Course Objectives (TCOs): A | Given a situation related to reproductive genetics, genetic research, or the human genome project, develop a set of legal and ethical guidelines, which can be applied to genetic issues for the conduct of medical practice and/or research. | B | Given the contentiousRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesCongress Control Number: 2006933904 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-11873-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-11873-7 ââ€"   To my nephews, Jesse and Luke Smidt, who bet I wouldn’t put their names in this book. R. P. ââ€"   To my wife, Sally, and my daughter, Anna C. O. ââ€"   To Carol, Allie, and Teri. J. D. ââ€"   About the Authors puter Teacher of the Year award in 1988 and received the Siemens Award for Advanced Placement in mathematics in 1999. Chris is a frequent contributor to the AP Statistics ElectronicRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesBalance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture AffectRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesbetter study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student supportRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesC—Miscellaneous Improvements TITLE III—PROMOTING PRIMARY CARE, MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, AND COORDINATED CARE TITLE IV—QUALITY Subtitle A—Comparative Effectiveness Research Subtitle B—Nursing Home Transparency Subtitle C—Quality Measurements Subtitle D—Physician Payments Sunshine Provision Subtitle E—Public Reporting on Health Care-Associated Infections TITLE V—MEDICARE GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION TITLE VI—PROGRAM INTEGRITY †¢HR 3962 IH VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:56 Oct 30, 2009 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesCONTRIBUTORS consulting perspectives. He has taught strategic change, management accounting, and financial management, and has held posts at INSEAD in France, LSE in the UK, and the Naval Postgraduate College in the USA. Professor Chenhall has assisted in the management of strategic change in a variety of major organizations and has published a wide selection of articles in professional and academic journals. He has been a member of the editorial board, or on the review panel, of most internationalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesManagement—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Read MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 PagesIdentify the three different roles of HR management. Discuss the three dimensions associated with HR management as a strategic business contributor. Explain why HR professionals and operating managers must view HR management as an interface. 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Chapter 2 Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research Free Essays

Chapter 2: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research Answers to Review Questions 2. 1. Describe the key features of quantitative and qualitative research. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 2: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now Just look at Table 2. 1, which shows the key characteristics of these two approaches in their pure or extreme forms as well as the characteristics of mixed research. I will mention a few of these here. Quantitative research uses the deductive or confirmatory or â€Å"top down† scientific method; it is used primarily for description, explanation, and prediction. It is based on quantitative data, in particular on the analysis of variables. The results are statistical and a goal is to generalize the results. In qualitative research, in contrast, the â€Å"bottom up† or inductive exploratory method is used; it is used primarily for the purposes of description and exploration and to gain an understanding of how people think and experience their lives. It is based on qualitative data which during analysis are examined for patterns, themes, and holistic features. A narrative report is presented and generalization is usually not a goal because the focus is on the local, the personal, the subjective. 2. 2. Describe the key features of mixed research. Mixed research is the third and newest research methodology paradigm. As you can see in Table 2. 1 it tries to mix the best of qualitative and quantitative research into research studies. Philosophically, mixed research takes an eclectic, pragmatic, and commonsense approach, suggesting that the researcher mix quantitative and qualitative in a way that works best for the given research question being studied in a particular context. Mixed research uses both deductive and inductive methods, obtains both quantitative and qualitative data, attempts to corroborate and complement findings, and takes a balanced approach to research. Later in the chapter you will learn about the fundamental principle of mixed research which states that when planning mixed research, the researcher should mix methods or procedures in a way that the resulting mixture or combination has complementary strengths and nonoverlapping weaknesses. 2. 3. What is the difference between a categorical variable and a quantitative variable? Think of an example of each. A categorical variable varies in type or kind and a quantitative variable varies in degree or amount. An example of the former is gender, and an example of the latter is class size. . 4. Why is experimental research more effective than nonexperimental research when a researcher is interested in studying cause and effect? Strong experimental research designs (i. e. , the best experiments) include both manipulation and random assignment; nonexperimental has neither of these. â€Å"Manipulation† is an action taken by the researcher in the world (e. g. , providing a treatment to one group and a control condition to another group); manipulation allows us to see a manipulation first, and then observe the outcome or result of the manipulation. Random assignment† makes the groups similar on ALL extraneous variables at the beginning of the experiment; hence, the only difference between the groups will be the level of independent variable received, allowing the differences observed after the experiment is completed to be attributed to the manipulated independent variable. 2. 5. What are the main problems with the simple cases of causal-comparative and correlational research? The problem with BOTH of these simple cases is that the researcher has no manipulation, no random assignment, and is only able to determine whether a statistical relationship is present. Observing a relationship is NOT enough information to attribute causation. To make a causal attribution, you need to meet three conditions: 1) show that there is a relationship, 2) show that you have the correct time ordering of your variables, that is, if A causes B then A must precede B in time, and 3) all alternative explanations must be ruled out. Again, all the simple cases give us is a relationship (i. e. , condition 1). (On the other hand, a well conducted strong experiment satisfies all three conditions. ) 2. 6 What are two variables that you believe are positively correlated? Study time the night before an exam and test grades (i. e. , the greater the study time, the higher the grades). 2. 7. What are two variables that you believe are negatively correlated? Amount of time spent partying the night before a test and test grades (i. e. , the greater the time spent partying, the lower the grades).. 2. 8. What are the different types of qualitative research, and what is the defining feature of each of these? The types are phenomenology, ethnography, case study research, grounded theory, and historical research. Here are the definitions, with the key ideas underlined: (a) Phenomenology: a form of qualitative research in which the researcher attempts to understand how one or more individuals experience a phenomenon. (b) Ethnography: a form of qualitative research focused on describing the culture of a group of people. (c) Case study research: a form of qualitative research that is focused on providing a detailed account of one or more cases. (d) Grounded theory research: a qualitative approach to generating a theory from the data that the researcher collects. e) Historical research: research about events in the past. 2. 9. What is mixed research, and what is an example of this kind of research? Mixed research (also commonly called mixed methods research) is research in which the researcher uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches in a single research study. Example: study the members of the snake handling churches in the Southern Tennessee/West Georgia using participant o bservation and using quantitative measurement instruments to profile the participants on variables of interest. Both sorts of data will likely provide useful information. 2. 10. What are the three research paradigms in education and what are the major types of research in each of these paradigms? (Hint: See Figure 2. 3 in your textbook. ) They are quantitative research, qualitative research, and mixed research. Quantitative research has two major subtypes: experimental and nonexperimental research; qualitative research has five major subtypes: phenomenology, ethnography, case study, grounded theory, and historical research. How to cite Chapter 2: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research, Essays Chapter 2 Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research Free Essays Chapter 2: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research Answers to Review Questions 2. 1. Describe the key features of quantitative and qualitative research. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 2: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now Just look at Table 2. 1, which shows the key characteristics of these two approaches in their pure or extreme forms as well as the characteristics of mixed research. I will mention a few of these here. Quantitative research uses the deductive or confirmatory or â€Å"top down† scientific method; it is used primarily for description, explanation, and prediction. It is based on quantitative data, in particular on the analysis of variables. The results are statistical and a goal is to generalize the results. In qualitative research, in contrast, the â€Å"bottom up† or inductive exploratory method is used; it is used primarily for the purposes of description and exploration and to gain an understanding of how people think and experience their lives. It is based on qualitative data which during analysis are examined for patterns, themes, and holistic features. A narrative report is presented and generalization is usually not a goal because the focus is on the local, the personal, the subjective. 2. 2. Describe the key features of mixed research. Mixed research is the third and newest research methodology paradigm. As you can see in Table 2. 1 it tries to mix the best of qualitative and quantitative research into research studies. Philosophically, mixed research takes an eclectic, pragmatic, and commonsense approach, suggesting that the researcher mix quantitative and qualitative in a way that works best for the given research question being studied in a particular context. Mixed research uses both deductive and inductive methods, obtains both quantitative and qualitative data, attempts to corroborate and complement findings, and takes a balanced approach to research. Later in the chapter you will learn about the fundamental principle of mixed research which states that when planning mixed research, the researcher should mix methods or procedures in a way that the resulting mixture or combination has complementary strengths and nonoverlapping weaknesses. 2. 3. What is the difference between a categorical variable and a quantitative variable? Think of an example of each. A categorical variable varies in type or kind and a quantitative variable varies in degree or amount. An example of the former is gender, and an example of the latter is class size. . 4. Why is experimental research more effective than nonexperimental research when a researcher is interested in studying cause and effect? Strong experimental research designs (i. e. , the best experiments) include both manipulation and random assignment; nonexperimental has neither of these. â€Å"Manipulation† is an action taken by the researcher in the world (e. g. , providing a treatment to one group and a control condition to another group); manipulation allows us to see a manipulation first, and then observe the outcome or result of the manipulation. Random assignment† makes the groups similar on ALL extraneous variables at the beginning of the experiment; hence, the only difference between the groups will be the level of independent variable received, allowing the differences observed after the experiment is completed to be attributed to the manipulated independent variable. 2. 5. What are the main problems with the simple cases of causal-comparative and correlational research? The problem with BOTH of these simple cases is that the researcher has no manipulation, no random assignment, and is only able to determine whether a statistical relationship is present. Observing a relationship is NOT enough information to attribute causation. To make a causal attribution, you need to meet three conditions: 1) show that there is a relationship, 2) show that you have the correct time ordering of your variables, that is, if A causes B then A must precede B in time, and 3) all alternative explanations must be ruled out. Again, all the simple cases give us is a relationship (i. e. , condition 1). (On the other hand, a well conducted strong experiment satisfies all three conditions. ) 2. 6 What are two variables that you believe are positively correlated? Study time the night before an exam and test grades (i. e. , the greater the study time, the higher the grades). 2. 7. What are two variables that you believe are negatively correlated? Amount of time spent partying the night before a test and test grades (i. e. , the greater the time spent partying, the lower the grades).. 2. 8. What are the different types of qualitative research, and what is the defining feature of each of these? The types are phenomenology, ethnography, case study research, grounded theory, and historical research. Here are the definitions, with the key ideas underlined: (a) Phenomenology: a form of qualitative research in which the researcher attempts to understand how one or more individuals experience a phenomenon. (b) Ethnography: a form of qualitative research focused on describing the culture of a group of people. (c) Case study research: a form of qualitative research that is focused on providing a detailed account of one or more cases. (d) Grounded theory research: a qualitative approach to generating a theory from the data that the researcher collects. e) Historical research: research about events in the past. 2. 9. What is mixed research, and what is an example of this kind of research? Mixed research (also commonly called mixed methods research) is research in which the researcher uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches in a single research study. Example: study the members of the snake handling churches in the Southern Tennessee/West Georgia using participant o bservation and using quantitative measurement instruments to profile the participants on variables of interest. Both sorts of data will likely provide useful information. 2. 10. What are the three research paradigms in education and what are the major types of research in each of these paradigms? (Hint: See Figure 2. 3 in your textbook. ) They are quantitative research, qualitative research, and mixed research. Quantitative research has two major subtypes: experimental and nonexperimental research; qualitative research has five major subtypes: phenomenology, ethnography, case study, grounded theory, and historical research. How to cite Chapter 2: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research, Essays

What Makes a Good Leader free essay sample

The man who occupies the first place seldom plays the principal part. † This is quite possibly one of the best quotes I have read when talking about what makes a good leader. What Goethe is saying is simply that a leader, or rather a good leader listens to his followers and makes decisions based upon their input and once the decisions have been made, the followers are often the most integral part of executing the decision. To lead the people one must be a part of the people, one must understand the people and what they need to achieve their goals. Leadership, as defined in chapter fourteen of â€Å"MGMT What’s Inside†, is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals. In order for one to influence others, one must be able to connect with others and understand what drives them and how to motivate that drive. The chapter goes on to explain many different theories behind leadership and gives studies to support the best models of leadership depending upon the situation and theory discussed. We will write a custom essay sample on What Makes a Good Leader or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To begin, the book discusses Trait theory which simply states that there are a certain set of traits and characteristics possessed by the most effective leaders. Although not an indisputable fact, through studies and observations, many of these traits can be found in today’s top executives. Some of these traits are drive, the desire to lead, honesty, integrity, self-confidence and emotional stability. These traits are not in themselves enough to be a good leader however, one must also posses the ability to initiate structure and show consideration when dealing with subordinates. Another element to consider when evaluating leaders is the situation in which they are attempting to lead. Fiedler’s contingency theory is one theory that examines these situations and states that in order to maximize performance; leaders must be matched to the situation that best fits their leadership style. While Fiedler’s theory is useful in identifying leadership types and matching them to their appropriate situations, another theory called the Path-Goal theory assumes that leaders can change and adapt their styles to whatever situation they are faced with. Within each theory also rests the types of behaviors the leaders must present in order to achieve the best outcomes with their subordinates. In the final sections of the chapter, the book discusses the different types of leadership such as Strategic, Visionary, Charismatic, Transformational and Transactional leadership. Each form of leadership has its positives and negatives but my personal choice would have to be the Transformational leadership which is leadership that generates awareness and acceptance of a group’s purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interests for the good of the group. Transformational leadership could in my opinion be demonstrated by examples such as King Arthur of Camelot or even Jesus of Nazareth, both men who possessed great charisma, listened and included their followers and created a drive and passion in their followers to go above and beyond any limitations they may have perceived themselves as having.

Memory Test

Introduction Although there is little scientific understanding or evidence of the human memory, there are some widely agreed upon ideas about the subject matter. The controversies on different theories are diverse but some of the uniform findings show that human memory is storage as well as a processing organ.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Memory Test specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main controversies concerns the time required to retrieve information stored in memory and accessibility of this information. In other words, how long can the information last in memory before becoming inaccessible? The two controversies determine the classification of memory depending on the form of information processing that occurs in the brain and the different types of memories in relation to the accessibility. Different Concepts of Memory Working Memory Working memory is the sensory information store that depends on various sensory organs such as the eyes or ears. The received information either captures attention or becomes immediately ignored, in the latter case, it becomes obsolete and does not last for long enough before being masked by newer information. Attention means that the brain protects the information from other interferences since it is important to subject it to higher-level thoughts in search of meaning. Whenever information is subjected to such form of processing, then it means it has to be committed to working memory. Short-Term Memory Short-term memory is a limited store for information that becomes inaccessible after a brief interval mainly due to interference associable to delivery of new information. The information may not necessary be lost or forgotten but distorted in which case a person must recall similar but un-identical set of new information. The maintenance rehearsals are procedures that assist to maintain information in the memory for longer periods. The rehe arsals may involve frequent mental or sub-vocal repetition procedures that cause the information to become committed to the long-term memory for better and more enduring accessibility (Cansino et al, 2002).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Cansino et al, rehearsal mechanism in the aim of retaining information in long-term memory is not a very efficient system compared to elaborative rehearsal mechanism (2002). Long-Term Memory Large quantities of information are mainly committed to long-term memory for enduring storage. This is a storage area that deals with large and different types of commitments such as events, perceptual skills, knowledge, and facts. Most of the factors that affect accessibility of information from the memory include conditioning of memory during storage, the frequency of usage, similarity between the new information in relation to what alrea dy exists and uniqueness of information. Memory Test Human memory undergoes various logical tests without clear importance or pre-defined goal. This paper considers a simple memory test performed on ten people of random pick, which involves viewing of a wide range of one thousand detailed pictures for three seconds each. The test therefore was a fifty minutes observation for each person. The aim was to subject one to remembering the exact object whenever presented with a couple of images, to pick the observed object. The test mainly concerns the short-term or temporary memory that requires keen attention and ability to handle information in a comprehensible manner. After viewing all the pictures each for 3 seconds, the participant had to choose the exact image they had seen, from a group of three almost similar pictures. Identification of the main picture that had been previously shown was the test for ability to remember. For instance, a cup with half-full liquid would be accompani ed by similar cups having same liquids but at different levels.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Memory Test specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Results Although most people had difficulties in identifying four simultaneous objects correctly, there was evident use of strategies to enhance memory, for instance linking the observed pictures to associable items in memory. However, the conclusion was that it is possible to train and thus improve human memory. When human beings subject memory to its full function, the capability extends to greater ability than expectation. In relation to the conducted memory test, most participant were able to determine familiar pictures easily, despite of the complexity of the task for instance items like bread, a TV remote controller or a dollar note. Contrary, abstract images were hardly remembered. Inline with instrumental/operant conditioning, when subjected to a form of re ward a person’s ability to remember is boosted since the reward act as a stimulus (Cansino et al, 2002). The results of the memory test were positively amazing since an average of 85% was obtained among all participants. Even though 10 participants seem to be a low sample group to represent a general view, the closeness of the results is a clear indication of accuracy of the test. The short-term memory is arguably about the accuracy on keenness and active participation in order to encode specific details in memory correctly. A good example of active participation would involve the attempts to remember certain identification such as someone’s birthday. Linking the date to something else, particularly something, that one is able to remember concerning the day strengthens the memory. Process of Encoding in and retrieval from Memory Encoding and retrieval of information from memory are two actions that have some intricate connection. They have reference to the procedure of committing information to and from short-term or main/long-term memory respectively. The ability to link new to existing information to enhance better meaning depends on the degree of linking the information. Encoding therefore has high dependence on pictorial as well as thoughtful representation of information.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considering the sample ‘memory test’, most people were able to remember majority of the pictures due to ability to relate them to information in existing memory. Majority of the objects on pictures also had day-to-day applications. Encoding mainly assists to commit information to long-term memory through neural networks. Variables Associated With Encoding and Retrieval of Information Retrieval involves deduction of existing information from memory. Existing knowledge is the basis for all new information, and therefore its retrieval has some effect on processing of new information. Some of the main strategies associates with both encoding and retrieval include intentionality, repetitiveness, color cryptography and use of mnemonics. Intentionality is the process of deliberately directing need to specific work content. Conclusion There is great controversy over the connection between the long-term and working memory. Most scientific discoveries consent that all information is stored in memory but differ on the process of accessing due to difference of opinion over storage type and retrieval procedures. According to Cansino et al, the information that a human being receives is immediately encoded into the long-term memory but the encoding may fail to be distinctive enough to support comprehensible retrieval whenever required (2002). Reference Cansino, S., Maquet, P. Dolan, R.J. Rugg, M. D. (2002). Brain Activity Underlying Encoding and Retrieval of Source Memory. Oxford Journal of Life science and Medicine. 12(10). 1048-1056. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/12/10/1048/268396 This research paper on Memory Test was written and submitted by user Deborah Vega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

the civil war1 essays

the civil war1 essays During the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861-1865, over 620,000 accounted soldiers were killed. Known as the "the first modern war", historians generally agree that the reason for this was because this was a time of transition for the military. Armies and Navies were still using tactics where they would gather large forces of firepower to bear on the enemy. At the same time, weapons were being developed which were accurate and lethal well beyond any arms of the earlier conflicts. As a result of these two conditions many more casualties were sustained. Add to that the lack of medical knowledge of disease and infection and the numbers truly began to grow. This paper is an overview of the types of weaponry that was used during this time. Artillery generally falls into three basic categories; guns, howitzers and mortars. The main difference between them being the trajectory of the round fire. A gun has a high muzzle velocity and a very flat trajectory. Normally a gun is used in a direct fire mode where the target can be seen and penetration is desirable. Good targets for a gun would be things like brick or earth forts, ships, buildings, and targets in tree lines. Howitzers have a somewhat lower muzzle velocity and arc their shells onto a target. They are used in both a direct fire and indirect fire mode. Keep in mind with the limited range of the pieces available during the Civil War there was no indirect fire such as we know it today. Targets were generally always within the line of sight of the artillery men. This is especially useful when an enemy is concealed behind a prepared position or the artillery men desire to have a shell explode over an enemy's head. The air-burst does less damage to hardened targets such as masonry walls, and redoubts, but causes many more human casualties due to the shrapnel covering a large area. Mortars have a very pronounced arc of flight. They h...

SUPERIOR CUISINE PORTFOLIO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

SUPERIOR CUISINE PORTFOLIO - Essay Example He was known to be a lover of gourmet food and lavish banquets. Some of the directions we see in French culinary style including serving methods were effected mainly during his time. In the seventeenth century the regions near its borders, Italy and Holland, largely influenced French cuisine for example. Due to the Italian influence French cuisine at that time was nowhere near the delicate culinary style that it is today. As is typical of Italian cuisine, the French cuisine also showed excessive use and taste of sugar, salt with strong spices. Louis the XIV was determined to present French cuisine as a delicate and exotic cuisine and thereby transform France into a culinary capital in the eyes of the world. The staple base in most of the food that was eaten at that time was still bread among the peasants in the region. Louis the XIV, love for the culinary arts was aimed at bringing gourmet food to the peasants and he held many lavish banquets where the people received an education on French cuisine and treated as a form of Art. There was a drive to make food from fresh ingredients and herbs in place of strong and taste overwhelming spices. He also wanted all the components of the cuisine to be developed and perfected in France. This was his way of showing off the aristocracy of France as a nation. To enforce this that era saw a lot of ban of foreign ingredients. He also had a passion for gardening and urged the people to also grow their own vegetables and make the cuisine richer in taste by using fresh ingredients. Many innovations were effected because of the ban in foreign imports. Although France was unified as a nation it was a build up of people with varying cultural heritages and influences. Therefore people started producing ingredients that they were used to and familiar with. Due to proximity with other nations, the cuisine of population that lived near the border regions showed strong

International Finance Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Finance Coursework - Essay Example A firm therefore needs to keep the exchange rate risk at bay. Most firms do so by determining the specific type of exposure to risk, the hedging approach and they also find available instruments to deal with these currency risks. The international transactions the British Venture Capitalist is involved in, exposes them to exchange rate risk. They therefore have to plan in advance and take measures that will protect them against these risks to avoid incurring great losses. There are different types of risks or currency exposures the British Capitalist faces: Transaction risk or simply known as the cash ?ow risk deals with the effect of exchange rate changes position on transactional account exposure linked to receivable, or repatriation of dividends and payables. Any change in the currency exchange rate results in a transaction risk. Translation risk also known as balance sheet exchange rate risk shows the relationship of exchange rate change position to the valuation of a foreign sub ordinate firm and, in turn, to the consolidation of a foreign subordinate firm to the mother corporation’s balance sheet. ... There is a difference however in translation when it comes to the income statements. In the income statement translations are done at the usual exchange rate during the time period. In the case of balance sheets, translations are done at the predominant present exchange rate at the time of consolidation. Economic risk is the risk which reflects the risk to the firm’s value of future operating cash ?ows from exchange rate movements. It is concerned with the effect of exchange rate changes on revenues and operating expenses. The revenues in this case include domestic sales and exports whereas operating expenses include the domestic inputs and imports. This type of risk is normally applied to the current worth of future cash flow operations of a firm. Question (b) How to Measure Economic/Operating Exposure After de?ning the types of economic/operating exposure that a ?rm is exposed to, a crucial aspect of a ?rm’s exchange rate risk management decisions is the measurement o f economic/operating exposure. Measuring economic/operating exposure may seem to be challenging. Currently, the most commonly applied methodology is the value-at-risk (VaR) model. Generally, value at risk is de?ned as the highest loss for a given exposure over a given period of time with a certain percentage of con?dence. The VaR method can be useful in computing a range of types of risk, helping corporations in their risk management. Nevertheless, the VaR does not suggest what happens to the exposure for the (100 – z) % point of con?dence, i.e., the worst case scenario. The Value-at-Risk (VaR) calculation method of economic/operating exposure is applied by corporations to estimate the riskiness of a foreign exchange situation that culminates from a

The rise of modern trade unionism in America Essay

The rise of modern trade unionism in America - Essay Example A labor union or a trade union refers to a body that represents workers. Through the leadership of the union, negotiations and bargains take place with the employer on behalf of the employees who in this case are the members of the union. The negotiations are mainly on rules that govern the employee, working conditions; bargain on wages and workplace policy on employee safety among others.In the history of America, the gilded age is a term used to refer to the exceptional polarization of wealth and wastage of the same by the upper class of people in the US after the civil war. This is precisely the period between the 1870s and the 1890s.This polarization of wealth resulted from the expansion of both the population and industries in the United States, (Arthur M. 2000).During this period, there was an extremely rapid growth in small factories mines, stores and other corporations. There was also diversity in race due to the increased immigration rates. The growth in businesses inflated immigration due to the availability of employment opportunities. The wealthy entrepreneurs established corporations, enterprises and major businesses.The gilded age was largely characterized by massive industrial growth. The productivity of American manufacturing was way beyond that of France, Germany, And the Great Britain. The mileage of Railroad grew three times more for the period between 1860 and 1880.The setting up of new areas for the purposes of business farming contributed to the creation of a marketplace that was national. It also inspired a boom in the mining of coal and production of steel. The large desire for capital made it possible for the consolidation of America's financial markets. By the year 1900, economic focus had spread to most of the other ranches of industrialization. Large corporates were dominant in the agriculture and industrial sectors of the economy. The steel industry was also up and coming. There was an increase in the mechanization of the industries and this largely marked the Gilded Age as a cheaper alternative to creating more products. At this time it was recommended that efficiency was sought through the use of machinery rather than workers in order to contribute to fewer motions in a shorter duration of time. The redesign lead to acceleration in the speed of the machinery in the various factories while at the same time increasing the output of the factories and reducing the factory requirements for labor that was skilled, (Fine, Sidney, 1996). The mechanization rendered the unskilled laborers not busy. They were commonly involved in the repetitive and simple tasks with the guidance of an engineer and a foreman who was skilled. The rates of wages increased by the day and so did the numbers of both the skilled and unskilled laborers. Colleges for engineering related courses were added I numbers to meet the demand of expertise and skilled labor force. This turn of events and the massive industrialization contributed to the setting up of a diverse working class that created the wealth that was amassed by the up coming financiers and industrialists. These wealthy industrialists more often than not influenced the business process or even carried out unethical financial manipulations. Due to their unbecoming behavior in financial manipulation, these wealthy industrialists were popularly known as the robber barons, (Smythe, Ted C.; 2003). During this time, there was a minor labor movement that was established by the name of American Federation of labor, (FLA).This movement was however politically involved and featured close associates of the democrats and republicans. Almost all the eligible people into this movement were

Nursing Essays Therapeutic Relationship Patient

Nursing Essays Therapeutic Relationship Patient Introduction Within the context of healthcare one of the most important factors is the establishment of an effective therapeutic relationship between the nurse and patient (Foster Hawkins, 2005). The ways in which nursing staff and patients interact can be influential in terms of information transfer, provision of psychological support, and may also provide some therapeutic benefits in themselves (Welch, 2005). Hence, there has been a renewed focus on the importance of how nurses interact with patients in practice, in order to enhance patient outcomes (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2008; Sutcliffe, 2011). Understanding the fundamental components of this relationship and how to achieve these components in practice remains a vital aspect of nurse training and continuing professional development (Ramjan, 2004; Perraud et al., 2006). In accordance with the perceived importance of the therapeutic relationship, the aim of this paper is to provide an evidence-based review of how this relationship may be used in nursing practice. This will be supplemented with a reflection on personal observations made by the author, utilising a reflective model (Nielsen et al., 2007). The model in this case will be that devised by Gibbs (1988), which has been validated as a useful tool for personal practice development and goal-setting in the clinical domain (Foster Hawkins, 2005). This model emphasises a step-wise approach to reflection, encompassing: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan formulation (Gibbs, 1988). Therefore, this paper will consider the therapeutic relationship from the perspective of a specified practice context experienced by the author, with a discussion of how practice can be improved based on the best available evidence from the literature. Reflection context The main context of care that will be the focus of this essay is the elderly rehabilitation ward, where the author first encountered a number of issues regarding the need for optimal relationships between practitioners and patients in practice. The goal of this ward is to assist elderly patients in adapting to their functional capacities and lifestyle abilities, in order that they can achieve the maximum possible degree of quality of life in the community setting following discharge (Routasalo et al., 2004). Consequently, numerous health professionals provide an input into the care pathway, including physiotherapists, occupational therapists and physicians, in addition to nursing staff (Hershkovitz et al., 2007). From the perspective of the author, there are several important aspects of this scenario that relate to the therapeutic relationship: the large increase in personal responsibilities in terms of assisting patients with activities, the need to motivate and communicate effectively with patients to ensure that they are able to remain psychologically motivated, and the need to coordinate personal clinical care activities with those of others to ensure the patient journey is smooth (Siegert Taylor, 2004). The remainder of this paper will consider the therapeutic relationship grounded within this practice context, supplemented with personal experiences from this placement, in order to highlight these factors in greater detail. Evidence-based reflection Defining the therapeutic relationship In order to fully appreciate the need for a therapeutic relationship it is important to define this relationship in a practice context. The term is often used within the context of psychiatric or psychological therapy distribution in modern literature, although the aim of this paper is to consider the term as a more general way in which nurses communicate and interact with patients to establish a clear clinical outcome (Bulmer Smith et al., 2009). McKlindon Barnsteiner (1999) suggest that the therapeutic relationship needs to be a two-way, reciprocal relationship at all times, involving nursing staff, the patient and their family, where appropriate. There is a need to emphasise caring in this relationship, with positive communication and clear boundaries of both personal and professional interactions (McCormack, 2004). Hence, the relationship between a nurse and patient should fit into the patient-centred model of care, where patients are not only listened to within a clinical decision-making context, but are actively encouraged to participate in their own care pathway (McCormack McCance, 2006). The therapeutic relationship encompasses three important domains of care: physical, psychological and emotional care (Pelzang, 2010). These elements may be more profoundly encountered by nursing staff on hospital wards due to their prolonged exposure to specific patients and their in-depth interactions in the patient care journey, when compared to other members of staff who may have less face-to-face time with individuals (Pelzang, 2010). Within the setting of the elderly rehabilitation ward, many patients are transitioning from an acute or chronic care scenario to community care and require additional, specialist assistance in doing so (McCormack, 2003). Consequently, nursing staff in this ward are exposed to patients for extended periods of time and need to consider the holistic aspects of care in order to achieve successful rehabilitation (Cott, 2004). Therefore, the therapeutic relationship in this context involves establishing the capabilities of the patient, working with the patient to achieve set goals, and ensuring that the psychological and emotional aspects of chronic illness or disability can be managed effectively in the long term (McCormack McCance, 2006). Communication In light of the definition of the therapeutic relationship within the context of rehabilitation, the remaining sections of this paper will evaluate the core aspects involved in maintaining a therapeutic relationship, with this section focusing on communication between nurse and patient. The specific clinical scenario the author has struggled with in the rehabilitation placement is when a patient has higher expectations than they should in terms of their ability to perform tasks or live independently following discharge. Patients are obviously passionate in maintaining independence in the majority of cases and this can cloud their judgement as to their genuine abilities and capabilities in functional tasks (Cott, 2004). While it is important to acknowledge the feelings and ideas of a patient and act accordingly, it can be negligent of nursing duties not to act with the patient’s best interests at heart (McCormack, 2003). Therefore, the nurse needs to maintain that their actions are guided by medical evidence and professional protocols, as well as reflecting the need and desires of the patient (NMC, 2008). Communication encompasses not only verbal communication with the patient, but is also reflected in body language and actions (Yoo Chae, 2011). Having an open body posture, including the avoidance of crossed arms, can help in establishing rapport, while maintaining eye contact and avoiding distractions during conversations with patients can enhance the bond between nurse and patient (Brown Bylund, 2008). Communication is also as much about relaying information as it is about receiving information and therefore, nursing staff should be able to elicit patient concerns specifically and utilise these appropriately without blocking these interactions with a one-sided approach to conversation (Yoo Chae, 2011). The opposite is also true, whereby overly expressive patients may limit the nurse-led component of the communication episode; both parties need to be good at communication for a perfect mutual appreciation of ideas to occur (Sheldon et al., 2006). In practice this may be difficult to achieve, but the obligations of the nurse to facilitate this process are a core component of the therapeutic relationship. Communicating effectively with patients in the elderly rehabilitation setting was a massive responsibility and challenge for the author, as this was their first encounter with such patients in this setting. The expectation of knowledge in this setting was high and it could be frustrating to patients who want answers from a junior or inexperienced practitioner (McCormack, 2003; Leach, 2005). Hence communication needed to focus on establishing information, sharing action plans and building general rapport that would enable the development of trust and a mutually beneficial exchange of ideas (Leach, 2005). The author found this form of communication challenging to achieve on a routine basis within the rehabilitation setting, due to the need to balance a motivational approach with a realistic form of communication regarding expected patient capabilities and outcomes. Hence, the reflective scenario will focus on aspects of this particular communication episode as a component of the therapeutic relationship. Empathy Empathy is a cornerstone of effective communication with patients and is defined as the ability to share or identify with the emotional state of the patient (Brunero et al., 2010). If done effectively an empathic response to patient concerns can yield a sense of shared understanding, reinforcing the notion that the patient’s concerns are being listened to (Kirk, 2007). By establishing an empathic response with a patient, practitioners often remark that they are better able to connect with the experiences of the patient, allowing them greater insight into how they can help the patient (Brunero et al., 2010). Therefore, empathy is a core component of establishing a meaningful therapeutic relationship with patients in all settings. The nurse can develop empathic communication skills in a number of ways, including through specific communication skills training (Webster, 2010). This training often emphasises the role of open-ended questions and body language within the context of empathy, whereby nurses should ask patients specifically about their emotions and feelings during a clinical interaction (Stickley Freshwater, 2006). Often the process of asking a patient how they feel about a particular reaction is sufficient to allow them to relax and become more comfortable conveying these thoughts and feelings. On the part of the nurse, it is important to reflect these responses back to the patient by further exploring these issues and offering an active listening approach, rather than redirecting the focus of the conversation back to more clinical matters (Brunero et al., 2010). Although it has been argued that empathy is an intrinsic quality, which some people possess, the representation of empathy in communication is important in clinical care and should be delivered through verbal, non-verbal and emotional communication skills (Welch, 2005). In the present scenario, the author was able to empathise with patients on the rehabilitation ward to a high degree and many patients were frank and open about their emotional needs and worries regarding the rehabilitation process. Often the patients’ worries were highly emotive and this affected the author such that the patient was regarded as an object of sympathy or pity in some cases due to their hardships. This made the author feel uncomfortable during patient interactions for a number of reasons: firstly, because it was an emotional situation, and secondly because the expectations of the patient with regards to rehabilitation were higher than expected and it was often difficult to address these in a controlled manner. Hence, the reflective experience demonstrates a number of feelings in this situation, which reflect problems with the therapeutic relationship. Trust and respect One of the primary outcomes of the therapeutic relationship is to establish a caring and trusting relationship between the nurse and patient (Brown et al., 2006). Trust is a concept based on respect and openness within this relationship and this often takes time to establish, acting as an extension of the professional respect a patient may hold for a nurse and vice versa (Miller, 2006). Within the context of elderly care rehabilitation, nurses need to establish a strong bond of trust as patients will often have to make compromises in terms of assisted living devices and acceptance of their functional limitations when attempting to optimise their quality of life (Schmalenberg et al., 2005). Unless they trust the healthcare professionals involved in their care they are less likely to adhere to recommendations or to accept help, reducing the potential positive impacts of nursing interventions (McCabe, 2004). Establishing trust within a therapeutic relationship requires time and demands that the practitioner is able to manage their communication skills appropriately to ensure the patient feels that they are listened to and involved in their own care (Brown et al., 2006). Both the practitioner and the patient must be receptive to the idea of trust within the relationship in order for this to be achieved, which often involves addressing barriers to trust, including suspiciousness of the intentions of healthcare professionals, poor communication, and mutual respect on a personal level (Miller, 2006). When a trusting relationship is achieved there is a greater chance that patients will be receptive to clinical interventions and nursing input, at least when delivered on a personal level (Wolf Zuzelo, 2006). Equally, nursing staff can trust that patients will make informed decisions about their care and will follow guidance, when appropriate (Schmalenberg et al., 2005). Within the present reflective context, the author felt as though there was a distinct lack of trust in the therapeutic relationship, primarily due to the fact that a patient would often wish for their expectations to be met without heeding specific nursing advice on several occasions. This was likely secondary to the fact that the author found it difficult to convey these ideas in a sensitive manner, while addressing the concerns of the patient in an empathic way. Hence, it can be perceived that the patient and nurse did not enter a trusting relationship, as communication between the two was suboptimal (McCabe, 2004). However, on a more positive note, the relationships formed with patient during the initial days on placement were friendly and demonstrated a degree of mutual respect, which is an important facet of the therapeutic relationship (Stickley Freshwater, 2006). Hence, there were positive and negative aspects to the therapeutic relationships formed in practice during this placement, according to a reflective evaluation. To make sense of this situation, the author analysed these positive and negative factors within this context. What was clear to the author was that the communication skills that had been utilised so far in therapeutic relationship building relied heavily on patient factors, rather than nursing input. Hence, there was an imbalance in the way information was presented and received within this relationship, to the detriment of the therapeutic journey. The reasons for poor communication and trust establishment stemmed from multiple factors, including the younger age of the author compared to patients, relative inexperience on the part of the author, and the highly charged emotional nature of interactions in this setting. Therefore, it was clear that one of the main factors that was missing in the therapeutic relationships was the projection of a strong professional identity, which could guide the patient towards a suitable clinical outcome and would assist in developing the appropriate communication tools for the rehabilitation process. Professional values While it is clear that the need for the therapeutic relationship stems from a desire to form a constructive clinical partnership with a patient in a specific context, there is also a professional responsibility to engage patients in this manner in practice (Chitty Black, 2007). The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) advocate communication, trust, dignity and respect during the treatment of all patients as a fundamental aspect of care delivery and therefore establishing a therapeutic relationship can be considered a core aspect of all nursing practice (Fahrenwald et al., 2005). However, within the context of effective nursing practice it is recognised that there is a need to respect the personal boundaries of the patient and to act as a professional rather than a friend in most cases (Rushton, 2006). Professionalism in the context of rehabilitation care includes the need to be realistic with regards to patient expectations, while ensuring appropriate levels of motivation and commitment to a therapeutic plan (Fahrenwald et al., 2005; Rushton, 2006). For some practitioners, an overly empathic response to patients and their condition can lead to sympathy and warped clinical decision making processes, often favouring the opinion of the patient over established guidance (Bulmer Smith et al., 2009). This is likely to have a detrimental impact on the patient in the long term and should be avoided as a result. Within the Gibbs reflective cycle (1988), the author has noted that one of the main conclusions that can be drawn from working within the rehabilitation sphere is that maintenance of professional values and boundaries is essential to avoid becoming overly emotional or inappropriately involved in patient care (Stickley Freshwater, 2006; Baker et al., 2008). The author should try not to become too attached to patients during their care journey in order to make an objective assessment of their capabilities and therapeutic needs, as relying too heavily on the opinions and desires of the patient can yield unsatisfactory results in the long term, particularly when these go against recommended practice (Leach, 2005). By applying more rigorous professional boundaries in the future, and focusing on explaining complex situations from a nursing perspective, rather than yielding to the patients’ wishes, the author can improve their contribution to practice in the long term and enhance the patient journey through rehabilitation. Conclusion In summary, this paper has considered the personal experiences of the author within the context of a reflective practice episode in order to appreciate the value and tenets of the therapeutic relationship in practice. The core components of the therapeutic relationship, as they relate to the present scenario, have been discussed with reference to the evidence base in order to develop a constructive reflective episode reflecting a description of events, feeling, evaluation, analysis and conclusion. The process of reflection should yield a suitable action plan and in this case the author feels that they should engage with patients in a more professional manner, ensuring that they maintain an empathic and understanding approach to care while maintaining nursing boundaries. In order to achieve this, communication skills should be enhanced in the future, through attendance at specific communication skills courses, in order to become more comfortable in managing potential conflicts or hostility. This should enhance the therapeutic relationship and ensure that future patients can be managed in a manner that benefits all members of the relationship. Furthermore, it is important that the author is aware of how other colleagues maintain professional boundaries and can direct their relationship accordingly in practice, and consultation with colleagues on this point would be a useful learning tool. On completion of these tasks, the author should therefore feel better prepared to engage with patients in a meaningful way, ensuring that trust is developed and that patients have an effective care process, in all areas of care. References Baker, C., Pulling, C., McGraw, R., Dagnone, J. D., Hopkins†Rosseel, D., Medves, J. (2008). Simulation in interprofessional education for patient†centred collaborative care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 64(4), 372-379. Brown, D., White, J., Leibbrandt, L. (2006). Collaborative partnerships for nursing faculties and health service providers: what can nursing learn from business literature?. Journal of Nursing Management, 14(3), 170-179. Brown, R. F., Bylund, C. L. (2008). Communication skills training: describing a new conceptual model. Academic Medicine, 83(1), 37-44. Brunero, S., Lamont, S., Coates, M. (2010). A review of empathy education in nursing. Nursing Inquiry, 17(1), 65-74. Bulmer Smith, K., Profetto-McGrath, J., Cummings, G. G. (2009). Emotional intelligence and nursing: An integrative literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(12), 1624-1636. Chitty, K. K., Black, B. P. (2007). Professional nursing: concepts challenges. London: WB Saunders Co. Cott, C. (2004). Client-centred rehabilitation: client perspectives. Disability Rehabilitation, 26(24), 1411-1422. Fahrenwald, N. L., Bassett, S. D., Tschetter, L., Carson, P. P., White, L., Winterboer, V. J. (2005). Teaching core nursing values. Journal of Professional Nursing, 21(1), 46-51. Foster, T., Hawkins, J. (2005). The therapeutic relationship: dead or merely impeded by technology?. British Journal of Nursing, 14 (13), 698-702. Gibbs, G. (1988). Learning by doing: a guide to teaching and learning methods. Further Education Unit. Oxford Polytechnic: Oxford Hershkovitz, A., Kalandariov, Z., Hermush, V., Weiss, R., Brill, S. (2007). Factors affecting short-term rehabilitation outcomes of disabled elderly patients with proximal hip fracture. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 88(7), 916-921. Kirk, T. W. (2007). Beyond empathy: clinical intimacy in nursing practice.Nursing Philosophy, 8(4), 233-243. Leach, M. J. (2005). Rapport: a key to treatment success. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 11(4), 262-265. McCabe, C. (2004). Nurse–patient communication: an exploration of patients’ experiences. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 13(1), 41-49. McCormack, B. (2003). A conceptual framework for person†centred practice with older people. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 9(3), 202-209. McCormack, B. (2004). Person†centredness in gerontological nursing: an overview of the literature. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 13 (s1), 31-38. McCormack, B., McCance, T. V. (2006). Development of a framework for person†centred nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 56 (5), 472-479. Miller, J. F. (2006). Opportunities and obstacles for good work in nursing.Nursing Ethics, 13(5), 471-487. Nielsen, A., Stragnell, S., Jester, P. (2007). Guide for reflection using the clinical judgment model. The Journal of Nursing Education, 46(11), 513-516. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008). Code of Professional Conduct. Available at: http://www.nmc-uk.org/aDisplayDocument.aspx?documentID=5982 [accessed 6 th October 2014] Pelzang, R. (2010). Time to learn: understanding patient-centred care. British Journal of Nursing, 19(14), 912. Perraud, S., Delaney, K. R., Carlson†Sabelli, L., Johnson, M. E., Shephard, R., Paun, O. (2006). Advanced practice psychiatric mental health nursing, finding our core: The therapeutic relationship in 21st century. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 42(4), 215-226. Ramjan, L. M. (2004). Nurses and the ‘therapeutic relationship’: Caring for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 45(5), 495-503. Routasalo, P., Arve, S., Lauri, S. (2004). Geriatric rehabilitation nursing: developing a model. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 10(5), 207-215. Rushton, C. H. (2006). Defining and addressing moral distress: tools for critical care nursing leaders. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 17 (2), 161-168. Schmalenberg, C., Kramer, M., King, C. R., Krugman, M., Lund, C., Poduska, D., Rapp, D. (2005). Excellence through evidence: securing collegial/collaborative nurse-physician relationships, part 2. Journal of Nursing Administration, 35(11), 507-514. Sheldon, L. K., Barrett, R., Ellington, L. (2006). Difficult communication in nursing. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 38(2), 141-147. Siegert, R. J., Taylor, W. J. (2004). Theoretical aspects of goal-setting and motivation in rehabilitation. Disability Rehabilitation, 26(1), 1-8. Stickley, T., Freshwater, D. (2006). The art of listening in the therapeutic relationship: The role of the modern mental health nurse is becoming more technical when, argue Theodore Stickley and Dawn Freshwater, what would really benefit patients is the often misunderstood art of listening. Mental Health Practice, 9(5), 12-18. Sutcliffe, H. (2011). Understanding the NMC code of conduct: a student perspective. Nursing Standard, 25(52), 35-39. Webster, D. (2010). Promoting empathy through a creative reflective teaching strategy: a mixed-method study. The Journal of Nursing Education, 49(2), 87-94. Welch, M. (2005). Pivotal moments in the therapeutic relationship. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 14(3), 161-165. Wolf, Z. R., Zuzelo, P. R. (2006). â€Å"Never again† stories of nurses: dilemmas in nursing practice. Qualitative Health Research, 16(9), 1191-1206. Yoo, M. S., Chae, S. M. (2011). Effects of peer review on communication skills and learning motivation among nursing students. The Journal of Nursing Education, 50(4), 230-233.

Huck Finn :: essays research papers

The truth has withstood the test of time. Since the beginning of time the search for truth has plagued humankind. It has caused man to travel to distant lands, to fight one another, and to gain knowledge in its search. It is this truth that will unlock the door that has stood between man and the discovery of his true purpose and innermost self. Man searches for the truth not only for himself but to help benefit society as a whole. The truth teases humankind and implores him to bring it to light, yet the closer he gets the more confusing it becomes. It is because of this search that society has come to develop its ethics as well as the rules and standards for morality. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel written by Mark Twain. This book is very controversial and has even be deemed immoral by some members of society. One particular character that some have said is immoral is Huck Finn. But is he? In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain the character of Huck can be seen as a moral person who grows through his actions and experiences both on land and in the river, even though his actions might go against the set standards of society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Huck is a moral person at the beginning of the novel before he begins his journey on the river. The character of Huck can be seen as subdued in the beginning of the novel. Huck has not let out his true self and it is important to understand this point that Mark Twain tries to get across. This is so important because at this point Huck is conforming to society and following all the standards and guidelines which it has set. The moral correctness of his actions are not questionable. The character who represents society and its views is Widow Douglas, and it is to her that Huck conforms. While on land at the beginning Huck is taken captive by Pap, his estranged father. Huck then starts to see another side of society. When Huck is captured by Pap he is upset because he does not like his father and would rather stay with Widow Douglas. As time goes on Huck begins to enjoy being away from Widow Douglas and the rules of society. Huck begins to feel a sense of discovery and true freedom, but what he does not see is that Pap also represents society.

ENG 125 Week 4 DQ 2 Essay

Shakespeare’s Macbeth is often considered one of literature’s greatest tragedies and is said to reveal much about human nature. Do you agree or disagree that the play conveys much about humanity or about the human experience? What, if anything, does the work suggest about human beings or society? Support your views with textual details and analysis. In your response, address how Macbeth’s subject matter, themes, form, or other literary elements might (or might not) be characteristic of tragedy. How do tragic qualities of the play contribute (or not) to the story’s larger message(s)? There can be no denying the importance of a college education for countless individuals. However, that is not to say that decisions regarding where to apply, which major to choose and how the degree program will be financed are simple ones. By heeding the tips found above, it is possible to simplify the process a bit and gain a bit of helpful perspective. This archive file of ENG 125 Week 4 Discussion Question 2 contains: Shakespeare Linguistics – English ENG125 W 4 DQ 2. Shakespeare’s Macbeth is often considered one of literature’s greatest tragedies and is said to reveal much about human nature. Do you agree or disagree that the play conveys much about humanity or about the human experience? What, if anything, does the work suggest about human beings or society? Support your views with textual details and analysis. In your response, address how Macbeth’s subject matter, themes, form, or other literary elements might (or might not) be characteristic of tragedy. How do tragic qualities of the play contribute (or not) to the story’s larger message(s)? There can be no denying the importance of a college education for countless individuals. H†¦ A+ tutorial you will find here – https://bitly. com/1oJLRXo There can be no denying the importance of a college education for countless individuals. However, that is not to say that decisions regarding where to apply, which major to choose and how the degree program will be financed are simple ones. By heeding the tips found above, it is possible to simplify the process a bit and gain a bit of helpful perspective. Linguistics – English ENG125 W 4 DQ 2. Shakespeare’s Macbeth is often considered one of literature’s greatest tragedies and is said to reveal much about human nature. Do you agree or disagree that the play conveys much about humanity or about the human experience? What, if anything, does the work suggest about human beings or society? Support your views with textual details and analysis. In your response, address how Macbeth’s subject matter, themes, form, or other literary elements might (or might not) be characteristic of tragedy. How do tragic qualities of the play contribute (or not) to the story’s larger message(s)? †¦

Fly away peter Essays

Fly away peter Essays Fly away peter Paper Fly away peter Paper Essay Topic: Literature There are many pushing factors in the book fly away peter that push the main character Jim to enlist in the army and leave the sanctuary that he loves and go fight in World War I. Although there are obvious factors that push Jim into enlisting there are also many subtle parts of the book that open his mind to the option of war. Jim is mainly affected by his widening of perspective and all the small and large pushing factors are slowly widening his perspective and allowing him to move on and continue to widen his view upon the world and Jim chooses to broaden his views by enlisting. Jims first experience (in the timeline of the book) that begins to widen his perspective is his meeting with Imogen, seeing her picture of the sandpiper and listening to her explain the migration of birds they come down from the north, you know, and winter among us. In Norfolk, I mean. (pg 27 lines 1-3). This is the start of Jims broadening of perspective and it is what starts to make way for Jims experiences to push him to enlistment. The migration of birds is amazing for Jim because it reveals to him that his sanctuary is not the only place for these birds to live and that they are able to cross vast distances and make it back here on the right day at the exact same tree on the exact same branch. This information allows Jim to start thinking past the sanctuary. Shortly following Jims discovery of Imogin Jim is sent into Brisbane to collect items that Jim and Imogin need. Jim begins another experience that it truly the one that brings the idea of enlistment to the front of his head. : This experience is in the Criterion (a pub) in the ladies lounge in Brisbane where he meets a lady called Connie. Jim and Connie start talking under the pretence that Jim is leaving for war Are you joining up too? (page 39 line 8) this boosts along Jims thoughts about war. They got talking, and on the assumption that he too was off to the other side of the world and would need something to remember before he went. Jim is taken over to Connies house but while he is going over all that he can think about is the violence going on behind him. This opens Jims eyes to how the conflict at home relates to that on the other side of the world. This encounter being under the pretence of Jim going to war allows Jims mind to wonder about himself being a soldier and how this experience would be if he really was going of to war. As the book progresses is Jims experience in the air changes how he perceives the sanctuary and is a massive factor in Jims enlistment. Before the flight Jim believes he has no interest in new sights new views of things didnt interest him. (page 51 line 7) And relieves that he has a blood fear of leaving the ground. Jim already has a map in his head of the sanctuary and once he is up in the air he can see all the pieces of his map revealed and placed together. He realises that he is seeing things just as the migrating birds would see them. This fact allows him to throw off his fear of the ground and open his mind to the whole world, he starts to wonder what the bird see when they are in Europe. This experience to Jim is extremely powerful as it; shows that Jim is interested in widening his perspective and seeing new things, and allows Jim to put the Sanctuary into perspective and place an image of the whole place allowing it to become a part of his life and not his whole life as it was. This allows him to move beyond the sanctuary and onto its opposite, war. Along with Jims experiences that push him towards enlistment there is also his father that plays a factor In Jim leaving for Europe. Jim has never been intone with his father and when he talks with his dad about the war Jim makes up his mind that he would go to war. Jim always wished not to be like his father and when his dad says Id go meself. (page 56 line11) Jim knows that his father would never do this and Jim felt the ground tilting, as he had felt it that first day in Brisbane, to the place where the war was, and felt the drag upon hi f all those deaths. (page 56 lines 17-20). Jim makes the connection from this experience to his one in Brisbane (that allowed him to consider leaving). Later he was to think of that view from Berts plane as his last version of the world he knew, and of their momentarily losing sight of it when they turned to come down as the moment when he knew, quite certainly, that he would go. (page 56 lines 23-27). These lines show that Jim is able to momentarily forget about the sanctuary and relate his experience in the air to leaving the country. Jim makes his decision to leave in a single moment, it almost seems like he detaches himself from the sanctuary in that moment and allows himself to move onward. Although Jims father starts off this sequence he also starts another series that made Jim see his past and his future in one moment His father had got sentimental at the last. He had given Jim five quid and tried, as if he were still a child, to put his hand on the back of his neck, which was newly raw from the barber. It had made Jim, for a moment, see things differently, as if a line had been drawn between the past and what was to come, the two parts of his life, and he could look at all that other side clearly now that he was about to leave it. (page 58 lines 8-16). Jims father is a massive factor in Jims enlistment and all through the book Jims massive decision had only came about while his father was around. All these factor that have been mentioned are all pushing Jim to expand his view on the world and open his mind. With Imogin Jim starts to open his mind and think about the birds journey and When he leaves to Brisbane Jims perspective continues to widen and starts his thinking on over the war. The experience on the plane shows that Jim has interest in new sights and this experience allows him to move beyond the sanctuary. Finally is Jims father who allows Jim to make up his mind on going to war. This book is full of factors that widen Jims perspective and the ones I chose in this essay I believe help Jim both in obvious ways but also subtly help him make up his mind.

Male Restroom Etiquette Essay Example

Male Restroom Etiquette Essay Example Male Restroom Etiquette Paper Male Restroom Etiquette Paper Graham Smith Professor Desormeaux English 101 August 4, 2009 Male Restroom Etiquette From the time a young boy can go the restroom on his own to the time he can be accountable for all of his own actions, he learns the unspoken rules of restroom etiquette. â€Å"Ever since man crawled out of the primordial ooze, he has built himself structures to contain the processes of bodily waste removal† (Wallach) For many men, the etiquette in restrooms is imbedded in their brains. There are many guidelines that are set to keep men comfortable during their joyous visit to relieve themselves. All of these guidelines are promoting men to become more proper. With these guidelines, taking a trip to the restroom has almost become an annoyance for males today. When a man first walks into the restroom, he is presented with a decision. He must choose which stall he is going to use to do his business. Obviously, if he is going to need to sit down on a toilet, he can just go and use a toilet. However, when he has to urinate, there is a list of options for him to choose from. If he is the first into the bathroom, he can choose whichever stall he pleases. If there is already another man in the restroom, he must decide which stall to use. Choosing a stall can be a very complex decision for someone. There is nothing more uncomfortable than when â€Å"Two urinals [are] crammed in a two and a half foot space [with] no stall divider present† (Flannery). The number one rule for male restrooms is to never stand next to another man (Wicks). If there are no open urinals, he is to wait for one to open. As Rob Wicks comments on a situation, when â€Å"only one urinal is taken†¦[you choose the urinal furthest away] to minimize the chance of contact whatsoever with the person. In his example, there are five urinals and the far left one is being used. In this case, a man would use the far right urinal, keeping the most distance between him and the other person- three urinals. This keeps enough personal space between the two men so that neither of them can be too uncomfortable. When kids are growing up, we teach them to be friendly and open to people to a certain extent. Then why is it wrong for a grown man to stand next to a friend of his or in-between two men if there is no other option? If there are 4 urinals open and someone chooses the urinal next to him, it is seen as an invasion of privacy. It is said to be one of the worst situations in a public male restroom. However, this rule can be ignored if there are privacy dividers between the two neighboring urinals. A second rule or guideline that is set for male restrooms is the no conversation rule. Wicks again comments in a post about speaking in public restrooms, stating that, â€Å"Speech is your enemy. Never, ever, under any circumstance say a single word while within a bathroom. Not to a friend, not to a lover not to Jesus himself. Not only does this grate against all good things and the way of nature, it ruins the efficiency of the bathroom. When people speak, the tendency is for things to slow down. It’s easier for somebody to lose track of what they were doing when they try to multi-task. Because of this, the time spent in the restroom increases and causes less efficiency, especially during busy times like a sporting event at halftime. Men are more known for flatulating than women but it is seen as rude to d o it in public. In order to flatulate with respect, men are expected to go into a restroom or somewhere away from the public to do it. However, one of the unspoken rules of restrooms is to not make any noise while in the restroom (Wallach). With the opposing view points on making noise in a restroom, what is it doing to the alpha male? Is he supposed to become more proper and feminine by hiding their bodily functions or continue the â€Å"tradition† and do it in the restroom? Lastly, a rule often followed and for most men, a great thing is to make no eye contact at all costs (Wicks). This goes along with the personal space and privacy issue. When a man sees another man looking at him in a restroom, automatically, he thinks he is comparing sizes. This makes most men uncomfortable because it brings out an insecurity that a lot of people have bout themselves. Also, if someone else in the restroom catches a man staring at another man with his private area exposed a little bit, in he is seen to be gay. He might just be seen as a little weird; though in most cases, people would think otherwise. Even though going to the bathroom may seem like such a simple task, with the way society perceives actions, it too has become an annoyance to think about what to do. As Phil Rice stated in an interview online, â€Å"increased cultural diversity has necessitated the exposition of previously unwritten rules regarding the use of male restrooms. Although we try to make things easier as technology advances, it seems that some things will only continue to get harder and harder. Flannery, Blake. Www. hubpages. com. Ed. Blake Flannery. 4 Aug. 2009 http://hubpages. com/hub/How-to-Behave-When-Using-a-Urinal-Man- Etiquette-in-the-Bathroom Rice, Phil. 2009. 30 July 2009 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Male_Restroom_Etiquette Wallach, Dan. Male Bathroom Rules. August 1, 2009 cs. rice. edu/~ssiyer/x/humour/funny00002. html Wicks, Rob. Male Restroom Etiquette. August 4, 2009 http://everything2. com/title/Male+restroom+etiquette

Final Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Paper - Essay Example The major cause roots of the ecological crisis are the population size, high levels of poverty and need for development. This has resulted to global warming that has far reaching efforts towards the environment, and its endowment (Kinsey, pp 43). However, the Zen Buddhism and the Eastern religions brought more philosophy on how man should be friendlier to nature basing on the behaviors and the attitude. One philosopher argued that if both religion and philosophy avails wrong information about the earth-harming geared by the human behaviors then there would be no sources whatsoever to provide the clue. Buddhism educates people upon earth-harming behaviors and with time they alter their behaviors and become more conscious and caring thus protecting the environment. Buddhism believes that human do not have any difference with nature and therefore they should consider nature as themselves. Buddhism philosophy is more related to the deep ecology ideology. Buddha, who is a Buddhist believer sat under a bodhi tree and analyzed the environment and concluded that trees should have a special place in their world view. The Buddhism perception on nature and human beings is that, man should retreat from material desires and view nature a s sacred, hence protect God’s creation (Young pp 21). Buddhism responded to ecological crisis by showing â€Å"to others how the human species arose out of other life forms and hence an argument for our responsibility to ensuring the continuity of all life forms and their habitats, not just human life,† (Orton Para 9). They stated that, there is need for human beings transformation into another form of life in order to rule out the idea of anthropocentrism where by they view themselves as the only important creatures on earth. In addition to that, man should not be awarded credit or merit in the expense of other life forms but rather

Indentured Servitude Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Indentured Servitude - Essay Example The indenture document detailed the specific number of years a servant was required to work, after which they would earn freedom1. Not all servants were willingly sent. There were several cases of kidnapping, especially with the white slaves. In the 17th century, about two thirds of the New World settlers from the Isles of British came as indentured servants. Due to the high rates if death, several servants never lived to see freedom in the end of their terms. In early 19th century and late 18th century, many Europeans did travel to the colonies as the redemptioners, which is a form of indenture (Galenson 1984). Indentures had various restrictions. For example, indentures were not allowed to marry or get married without permission from their owner. They were subjected to physical punishment, and their labor obligations were enforced by courts. The law even lengthened the term of women indentures in case they became pregnant. However, contrary to the slaves, servants were given a guarantee that they would be set free from bondage after their terms elapse. At the end of their term, servants received freedom dues payment and joined the free members of the society. In fact, one could sell or buy indentures contract of servants as well as their right to labor, but not the person per se as a property. Both female and male servants could be at any given point be subjected to violence, sometimes resulting to their death. Generally, indentured servitude was a mechanism of having the number of colonists increased, particularly in the British and English colonies2. Convict labor and voluntary migratio n provided many people, and other means of offering settlement was inevitable because the journey across the Atlantic was somehow dangerous. In the end, contract laborers became a significant group of people and very many that saw the United States Constitution count them in the appointment of representatives (Rosenbloom 2008). Indentured servitude, from 1620s, was a

Community needs analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Community needs analysis - Coursework Example The needs analysis links the terminal and instrumental values with the community needs, through effective project work and collaboration with the local charity. Family security, health and exciting life are instrumental for individuals with learning disabilities. The project team and charity will collaborate to identify the number of individuals with disabilities who have poor health, exciting life and family support. These individuals will then be supported to enhance comfort, and effective information sharing. Individuals with learning disabilities must also possess significant values such as ambition, responsibility and intelligence. The number of individuals who desire to be part of the project will be identified. The identification will be done through baseline surveys that involve local authorities, religious leaders, and opinion leaders (Bekas 196). Individuals experiencing learning disabilities must be stimulated intellectually. This is through enhancing the information sharing processes within the community (Wright, Foran & Wood 139). They should also demonstrate responsibility through being punctual for learning program, and also illustrates ambition by a great desire overcoming disability challenges (Sanchez 343). The main purpose of the needs assessment is to determine the number of disabled individuals willing to participate in the project, their disability level and category, and also the resource level required for successful operation of the project. The research team will partner with the local charity to collect and analyze data on the learners with disabilities, and in the implementation of the project. 100 participants will be identified for the study, through sampling approach. The study will be conducted through the qualitative research approach. The methods of data collection to be applied are interview, questionnaire and data mining. The data collected will be used to determine the community needs. Data mining